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          【Python】List列表
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        <p>Python内置的一种数据类型是列表：<strong>list</strong>。list是一种有序的集合，可以随时添加和删除其中的元素。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h1 id="①创建List列表"><a href="#①创建List列表" class="headerlink" title="①创建List列表"></a>①创建List列表</h1><p>就我而言更喜欢将其与数组相类比 比如Python的</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">L=[<span class="string">&#x27;Michael&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;Bob&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;Tracy&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> L</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>（结果为[‘Michael’, ‘Bob’, ‘Tracy’]） 就相当于C#中的</p>
<figure class="highlight csharp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span>[] L=<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">string</span>[<span class="number">3</span>]&#123;<span class="string">&quot;Michael&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;Bob&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;Tracy&quot;</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">Console.WriteLine(<span class="string">&quot;&#123;/&quot;</span>&#123;<span class="number">0</span>&#125;/<span class="string">&quot;,/&quot;</span>&#123;<span class="number">1</span>&#125;/<span class="string">&quot;,/&quot;</span>&#123;<span class="number">2</span>&#125;/<span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>,L[<span class="number">0</span>],L[<span class="number">1</span>],L[<span class="number">2</span>]&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>（结果为{“Michael”,”Bob”,”Tracy”}） 但是不同之处在于，Python的List列表不限于一种类型，如</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">L=[<span class="string">&#x27;Michael&#x27;</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="literal">True</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> L</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也可以编译通过<img src="http://47.94.231.166/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/88.png" alt=""> （结果为[‘Michael’, 12, True]） 另外空表也是允许的。</p>
<h1 id="②打印列表数据"><a href="#②打印列表数据" class="headerlink" title="②打印列表数据"></a>②打印列表数据</h1><p>调用单个元素时，也可以像数组那样使用索引，并且索引也是从零开始。如上面的例子中L[0]的值为Michael。 你以为这么简单就完了？那肯定不成！<img src="http://47.94.231.166/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/23.png" alt=""> 在Python中，也可以使用负数索引表示倒序！ 如上例中，L[-1]=Tracy=L[2],L[-2]=Bob=L[1],L[-3]=Micheal=L[0]<img src="http://47.94.231.166/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/28.png" alt=""></p>
<h1 id="③List列表的扩展与缩减"><a href="#③List列表的扩展与缩减" class="headerlink" title="③List列表的扩展与缩减"></a>③List列表的扩展与缩减</h1><p>在C语言中，已经声明的数组还可以用relloc扩充，但是C#的数组一旦被实例化就固定不动了，Python可否更改已经声明了的List呢？ 当然可以！<img src="http://47.94.231.166/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/43.png" alt=""> 第一个办法是用 list 的<strong>append()</strong>方法，把新数据追加到 list 的<strong>末尾</strong>：</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L = [‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’]</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>L.append(‘Paul’)<br>print L<br>[‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’, ‘Paul’</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>第二个方法是用list的<strong>insert()</strong>方法，它接受两个参数，第一个参数是索引号，第二个参数是待添加的新元素：</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L = [‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’]</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>L.insert(0, ‘Paul’)<br>print L<br>[‘Paul’, ‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’]</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>L.insert(0, ‘Paul’)</strong> 的意思是，’Paul’将被添加到索引为 0 的位置上（也就是第一个），而原来索引为 0 的Adam，以及后面的所有数据，都自动向后移动一位。 那么如何删除数据呢？ 我们可以用list的<strong>pop()</strong>方法删除：</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L = [‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’, ‘Paul’]</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>L.pop()<br>‘Paul’<br>print L<br>[‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’]</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>pop()</strong>方法总是删掉list的最后一个元素，并且它还返回这个元素，所以我们执行 L.pop() 后，会打印出 ‘Paul’。 然而如果对于这种情况</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L = [‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Paul’, ‘Bart’]</p>
<p>要把Paul踢出list，我们就必须先定位Paul的位置。由于Paul的索引是2，因此，用<strong>pop(2)</strong>把Paul删掉：</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L.pop(2)<br>‘Paul’</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>print L<br>[‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’]</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="④替换元素"><a href="#④替换元素" class="headerlink" title="④替换元素"></a>④替换元素</h1><p>比如在以下列表</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L = [‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’]</p>
<p>中，使用Paul替换掉Bart，可以<strong>直接赋值替换</strong></p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L[2] = ‘Paul’</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>print L<br>L = [‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Paul’]</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>当然你也可以这样秀操作：</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; L[-1] = ‘Paul’</p>
<h1 id="⑤创建tuple列表"><a href="#⑤创建tuple列表" class="headerlink" title="⑤创建tuple列表"></a>⑤创建tuple列表</h1><p>那么如果想创建不能被修改的列表该怎么办呢？ 很简单之前不是用[]声明的吗？这次用（）声明即可，用()声明的列表就是tuple列表 如</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; t = (‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’)</p>
<p>这样，这个列表t就既不能增减，也不能改变。 那么，这里就有了一个问题，即</p>
<p>t = (1)</p>
<p>这到底是个什么东西<img src="http://47.94.231.166/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/82.png" alt=""> 是tuple列表，还是1加了括号？ 答案是<strong>1加了括号</strong></p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; t = (1)</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>print t<br>1</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>那要是想表示tuple列表里只有一个元素该怎么办？ 好说，<strong>加个逗号</strong>即可</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; t = (1,)</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>print t<br>(1,)</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="⑥“二维列表”嵌套列表"><a href="#⑥“二维列表”嵌套列表" class="headerlink" title="⑥“二维列表”嵌套列表"></a>⑥“二维列表”嵌套列表</h1><p>注意看这个东西：</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; t = (‘a’, ‘b’, [‘A’, ‘B’])</p>
<p><img src="http://47.94.231.166/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/78.png" alt=""> 其实，这只是一个列表嵌套了一个列表而已，如果我想改变里面那个列表该怎么办呢？ 把它“<strong>拽</strong>”出来</p>
<p>>&gt;&gt; t = (‘a’, ‘b’, [‘A’, ‘B’])</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>L = t[2]<br>L[0] = ‘X’<br>L[1] = ‘Y’<br>print t<br>(‘a’, ‘b’, [‘X’, ‘Y’])</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>“<strong>拽</strong>”出来后只要是List列表，要增加减少还是替换就看我们怎样操作了。 <strong>将列表转换为字符串：join()方法</strong> 使用方法：<strong>分割字符.join(链表)</strong>,如</p>
<p>L = [‘Adam’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Bart’]<br>print ‘\\n’.join(L)<br>Adam<br>Lisa<br>Bart</p>
<p>有些同学会问了，后面这几个案例怎么都没有C#对照呢？因为C#的数组它都不能这么玩啊<img src="http://47.94.231.166/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/36.png" alt=""></p>

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